![]() Various gentamicin products are FDA-approved for parenteral use in dogs, cats, chickens, turkeys, and swine. 3 It has mechanism of action and spectrum of activity similar to the other aminoglycosides, being effective against E coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Salmonella spp, Enterobacter spp, Serratia spp, Shigella spp, Mycoplasma spp, Staphylococcus spp and others. Gentamicin is a parenteral-aminoglycoside antibiotic that is active against a variety of bacteria, predominantly gram-negative aerobic bacilli, but also many staphylococci. When given orally, nystatin must come into contact with the organism to be effective, and it has no activity against bacteria, protozoa, or viruses. Its mechanism of action is similar to that of amphotericin B, binding to sterols in the membrane of fungal cells, altering the permeability of the membrane allowing intracellular potassium and other cellular constituents to leak out, destroying the organism. Nystatin is an antifungal that is typically administered orally and topically. Triamcinolone carries numerous potential drug interactions and the Association of Racing Commissioners International Uniform Classification Guidelines for Foreign Substances has designated triamcinolone a CLASS 4/C DRUG. The presence of diabetes, osteoporosis, chronic psychotic reactions, predisposition to thrombophlebitis, hypertension, CHF, renal insufficiency and active tuberculosis necessitates carefully controlled use.” 3 ![]() Contraindications include animals with systemic fungal infections, arrested tuberculosis, peptic ulcer, acute psychoses, corneal ulcer or Cushingoid syndrome. In horses, the potential for triamcinolone playing a role in the development of laminitis has been a concern, but clinical evidence argues against generalizations of potential risk. ![]() It is often administered intra-articularly for the control of pain associated with inflammation and osteoarthritis in horses.Īdverse effects are generally associated with long-term administration of triamcinolone, especially if given at high dosages or not on an alternate day regimen. Available in oral, parenteral, topical and inhaled forms, triamcinolone is indicated for the management and treatment of acute arthritis, and allergic and dermatologic disorders. 3 It is widely used in equine veterinary medicine as a steroidal anti-inflammatory. Triamcinolone is a long-acting, synthetic glucocorticoid that is four to ten times more potent than hydrocortisone. Movement of the roughened bone ends and damaged cartilage results in inflammation and swelling. Damage to the cartilage and/or the bone via injury or infection results in abrasion (roughening) of the smooth surfaces. Arthritis often develops following interference with normal structure and function. Mild cases of scratches usually respond to cleaning and topical treatment.Īrthritis is an inflammation of a joint or joints that causes pain and stiffness. Mud and dirty surroundings then create an ideal environment for opportunistic bacteria or fungi. This condition can irritate the skin and cause burning, itching, inflammation, redness and ulcers. 2 This often occurs in horses that have been exposed to moisture for long periods. Scratches refers to a condition evidenced by irritated or infected skin on the pastern or heel bulbs. 1 Horses can also be allergic to things that they ingest and other environmental factors. 1 During times of warm weather, hot, humid days and biting insects create optimal conditions for skin diseases. There are many different causes of skin inflammation, including external irritants, burns, allergens, trauma, and infection (bacterial, viral, parasitic, or fungal). Such common afflictions, while not usually severe, are unsightly and (more importantly) uncomfortable for the horse. Many of these are represented by mild- to moderate conditions that can occur in the skin (e.g., dermatitis) or the joints (e.g., arthritis). Horses can develop a variety of allergic and dermatological disorders which give rise to inflammation, irritation and swelling.
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